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Evel Rabbati
Ebel Rabbati (Hebrew: אבל רבתי) is one of the later or minor tractates which in the editions of the Babylonian Talmud are placed after the fourth order, Neziḳin; it treats of mourning for the dead. It is known also under the euphemistic name Semachot (שמחות), meaning "festive occasions" or "joys".
== References in the Talmud ==
A collection of baraitot entitled "Ebel Rabbati" is cited in the Talmud (M. Ḳ. 24a, 26b; Ket. 28a), sentences therefrom being quoted; but it is not identical with the treatise now under consideration, since only one of the three sentences in question, namely, that cited in Ket. 28a, is found even in an approximate form in Semaḥot (ii. 13-14).
The designation "Ebel Rabbati" in the Talmud seems indeed to presuppose that a shorter treatise of like content was in existence at the time of the Amoraim, although it is probable that the term "Rabbati" (the Large) was used merely because the collection of mourning regulations to which it was applied was more copious than that contained in the Mishnah (M. Ḳ. iii.). So much, however, is certain, that besides the treatise which is now known as Semaḥot or Ebel Rabbati there was an older collection of baraitot concerning funeral ordinances, and that the former was designated "Rabbati" to distinguish between the two.
The gaon Naṭronai b. Hilai (853–856), in answer to the question "What is the Ebel Rabbati?" gives the reply: "Ebel is a treatise of the Mishnah in which are contained the regulations concerning mourning for the dead and most of the halakic ordinances of the third chapter of Mo'ed Ḳaṭan. There are two such: a large and a small one" (in Edelmann, ''Ḥemdah Genuzah,'' No. 90; comp. ''Aruk,'' s.v. אבל). Numerous fragments of the so-called "small" Ebel treatise have been preserved, notably in Isaac ibn Ghayyat's ''Halakot,'' in Naḥmanides' ''Torat ha-Adam,'' in ''Tanya,'' and in Jacob b. Asher's ''Ṭur'' (see the comparison of these passages by Brüll in his ''Jahrb.'' i. 10-22).
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